MUSIC

Since the 2nd century and 3rd century BC, in China da Egypt there is music that has a particular shape. By getting the influence of Egyptian and Babylonian, Hebrew music that developed later evolved into Church music. The music was then favored by the public, because of the music players that wander and sing the songs used in church ceremonies. The music was spread across Europe has grown, and instrumental music thrive after some improvements in musical instruments such as violin and cello. Then timbulah Orgel musical instrument. Great composers emerged in Germany, France, Italy, and Russia. In the 19th century, a sense of nationalism began to wake up and grow. Therefore, the development of music split according to nationality respectively, although at the outset both the Romantic style. Start the 20th century, France became a pioneer with impressionistic music that immediately replaced with expressionistic music. 
A. Development of World Music Music has existed since ancient Ages and used as a tool to accompany the ceremonies of the trust. Changes in music history occurred in medieval times, due to changes in state of the world's growing. Music is not only used for religious purposes, but used also un tuk worldly affairs 

 DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD MUSIC divided in SIX DAYS: Medieval 1.Zaman Medieval cultural history is the day between the end of the Roman empire (476 AD) until the Age of Reformation Christianity by Marthen Luther (1572M). Music in the Age of development is caused by the change in state of the world are increasing, which led to new discoveries in all fields, including culture. The change in the history of music is that music tedak again focused on religious interests but also used for worldly affairs, as a means of entertainment. Further development is the improvement of writing music and the basics of music theory developed by Guido d 'Arezzo (1050 AD) Music by using some sound developed in Western Europe. Music Greogrian perfected by Pope Gregory. Pioneer Music in the Middle Ages are: 1. Gullanme Dufay from France. 2. Adam de la Halle of Germany. 2. Renaissance Period (1500 - 1600) Age of Renaissance is the period after mid-century, Renaissance Rebirth means high levels of culture that have been lost in the Roman Period. Studied music with a special characteristic, eg romance songs, songs heroism. Instead the music of the Church suffered a setback. In this age of musical instruments Piano and Organ already known, so munculah Instrumental music. In the city of Florence to develop the art of opera.Opera is a play with musical accompaniment oloeh accompanied the singers. Composer-composer on the Age of Renaissance are: 1. Giovanni Gabrieli (1557 - 1612) from Italy. 2. Galilei (1533 - 1591) from Italy. 3. Claudio Monteverdi (1567 - 1643) from Venice. 4. Jean Baptiste Lully (1632 - 1687) from France. 3. Baroque Period and Rokoko Progress on medieval music is marked by the emergence of new musical streams, such as Baroque and Rokoko flow. Both these flows are nearly equal, namely the use of ornamental (Ornaments Music). The difference is that wearing ornamental Baroque music that deserahkan on spontaneous improvisation by the players, while the music is recorded Rokoko all ornamental decoration. 

 Composer-composer on the Age of Baroque and Rokoko: A. Johann Sebastian Bach Born March 21, 1685 in Eisenach Germany, died on July 28, 1750 at Lipzig Germany.Her work is very beautiful and famous: 1. St. Mathew Passion. 2. Mass in b minor. 3. 13 piano concerts with orchestra 4. Brandenburg Concerto 6 units Custom-his composition underlie modern music. Coral Sebastian Bach composed music (music for Preaching Church) and created the instrumental songs. At the end of his life Sebastian Bach became blind and died in Leipzig B. George Frederick Haendel Born in Halle Saxony February 23, 1685 in London, died in London on 14 April 1759.During the little he had to show bekat expertise in playing music. In 1703, he moved to Hamburg to become anggaota Opera Orchestra. In 1712 he again visited England. The result is the famous creations; 1. Messiah, which is the Oratorio (name of a type of music) are well known. 2. Water Music (Water Music). 3. Fire Work Music (Music Firecrackers). Fire Work Water Music and Music is the most famous orchestra. He died in London and was buried in Westminster Abbey. 4. Classical Period 91750 - 1820) 

 Dimukai classical music history in 1750, after the end of Baroque music and Rokoko. Characteristics of Classical Music Period: a. The use of dynamics from Hard to Soft, Crassendo and Decrasscendo. b. Change the tempo with accelerandos (the Fast) and Ritarteando (more gently). c. Use is limited ornamental d. Use of Accodr 3 tone. Download Doc Download Pdf

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The Physical Guitar

BODY CONSTRUCTION

The guitar is made to be comfortable and amazingly easy to play. It features a lightweight body made from hand-sorted swamp ash, with a rock maple neck and curly maple fingure board. This construction not only makes it refreshingly light (allowing you to play for many hours without even noticing), but it also allows the guitar to achieve exceptional sustain and tonal range. Firebird X is capable of very resonant and acoustic-like voicing.

The guitar is a bit more than six pounds in total weight. Special resonant chambers not only decrease total weight, but also allow acoustic-like tones and increased overall sustain. The guitar is louder than a typical solid body with substantial tone from lowest bass note to highest treble note. To get more depth, we use a heavy bottom gauge of string with E being about "10" and low E about a "52" with a custom gauge insuring even, crisp tones for all six strings.

This guitar is clearly evolved from a Gibson Firebird, evocative of a rich history, but with contemporary features. With its hand-applied and unique high-end wood finish, the Firebird X is not unlike a cross between a vintage sports car and a modern sports racer. It is beautiful, historical and yet contemporary and unique. With a limited run of just 1,800 units, it is sure to become a collector classic.

Scarfs and large radius corners are everywhere the arm and body come into contact. It is smooth and comfortable, even when you are playing for hours. It's almost not there.

BALANCE – WITH STRAP AND SITTING

The balance point for the upper bout and the lower curve for placement on the leg are exceptionally balanced and comfortable. This is a guitar you can play for hours without soreness or fatigue.

We have developed a patent-pending strap that attaches at the upper bout with a single strap lock that comes with the guitar. That strap is much more comfortable, evenly distributing the lightweight beast and allowing complete freedom of motion. A simple adjustment allows you to adjust the hanging height on the fly. Both strap buttons are available if you desire a more traditional hang.

THE AESTHETICS – THE LOOK

The look builds on the Firebird's and Gibson's history. The wood grain is accentuated, so it "pops" with staining technique.

The fingerboard has character with a slightly burnt maple look. The neck inlays are tilted parallelograms, with a very dark wood. The headstock has a classic Gibson dove wing shape, which is bound, and a Firebird-style truss rod cover.

The look has a very classic fine furniture look with marquetry, elegant curves and smooth rounds. It is very appealing to a guitar player and non-guitar player alike.

NECK

The neck is thin, fast, and asymmetrical with a smooth, non-stick satin finish. A volute at the nut allows the hand to quickly find the first position and improves total sustain and strength. The neck joint is smoothly blended from neck to body with just a slight roundness, allowing maximum access to high register strings. The lower cut away cuts deeper, affording exceptional access to the high register.

The fingerboard has low-profile, fretless wonder frets and a highly polished curly maple surface.

This allows fretting to have almost no impact on pitch (higher frets cause a slight pitch change when the finger depresses the string). Finally, the fretboard is extended to 23 frets, allowing the player to achieve a full, two-octave range with a bend.

The maple neck is hand-sorted and is exceptionally stable, allowing previously unachievable tolerances on our factory set up and maintaining this great set up over time.

PICKUPS

The Firebird X product uses three mini-humbuckers and a vastly improved hexaphonic piezo bridge pickup with an improved low noise, high dynamic-range preamplifier, making this a fully active guitar. The pickups are based on traditional Firebird designs, but have been significantly improved to provide more tonal range and to match the studio-grade preamplifier section. The result is that the signal dynamic analog dynamic range exceeds the specification of the high-end electronics — 110 dB.

Each coil of the electro-magnetic pickup is individually controlled, allowing each coil to be on, off, or on-reverse polarity. The guitar's presets use the best combinations to recreate the world's best tones and some great new tones. New combinations can be made using the Firebird X editor, giving you an unlimited sonic palette.

4 lead wire standard color code Mini-humbucker side-by-side coils Ceramic blade magnets Solid chrome cover Metalize plastic trim ring Well-shielded and adjustable for max S/N With 3 pickups, 6 coils Can be used in any combination Humbucking/noise canceling single coil modes Lower turns from 8400 (standard Firebird) to 4200 (lower weight and lower noise pickup)

The piezo pickup has a new, sweet acoustic-like tone, allowing the guitar to replicate a true acoustic instrument. All controls on the guitar feel like they come from very high-end professional equipment. The pots are silky smooth with just the right amount of friction. All switches feel crisp and final — no wobble. The surfaces are knurled or textured to allow use with sweaty hands.
ROBO-TUNERS	This guitar continues on a tradition of having electronic tuners, and a fourth generation of supporting hardware and software. What this means is that the guitar can change tuners even more quickly and accurately, with an even simpler way to get to multiple tunings. The tuners can be used manually and have been enhanced to be more robust with a better feel when used manually.

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DEATH METAL

Death metal is a sub-genre of heavy metal music that evolved from thrash metal in the early 1980's. Some of his trademark song is the theme of violence or death, low-rhythm guitar (downtuned rhythm guitars), fast percussion, and dynamic intensity. Vocals are usually sung with a grunt (death Grunt) or growling (death growl). Singing technique like this is also often called "Cookie Monster vocals".
Some of the pioneers of this genre is Venom with his album Welcome to Hell (1981) and Death with his album Scream Bloody Gore (1987). Death metal is then developed further by bands such as Carcass, Morbid Angel, Entombed, God Macabre, Carnage, and Grave.
In Indonesia, this genre begins its movement and development in the 1990's with Rotor thrash metal band in Jakarta and some other death metal bands pioneer in other areas, such as the adapter from Jakarta, Insanity and Hallucination from Bandung, Death Vomit from Jogjakarta, Slow Death of Surabaya, then developed with dangerous bands of international repute, body, Disinfected, and Ancur from Bandung, Torture in Bury, Funeral Inception of cranial Incisored from Jakarta and Jogjakarta
 




Some death metal subgenre:
* Melodic death metal - heavy metal mixed with some death metal elements, such as death growl and blastbeat* Progressive death metal - a mix between death metal and progressive death metal metalBrutal - a mix of grindcore and death metal* Slam death metal - a mix between metalcore / groove metal and death metal* Death / Doom - a mix between doom metal and death metal* Blackened death metal - a mix of black metal and death metal

Key features are the rapid changes, sometimes chaotic song structures, beat the odd, unusual rhythm and harmony and melody out of the ordinary. Band of technical / progressive death metal in general Aesthetics combines death metal with elements of progressive rock, jazz / classical music.
The late 1980s and early 1990s death metal gain more media attention when the leading record labels such as "Earache records" and "Roadrunner record" started to mark the death metal bands at a rapid rate of growth.Since then the death metal experience the diversity of music and gave birth to the concept of a rich variety of subgenres.Death metal had undergone considerable opposition and had been considered from the culture trend. due largely due to the theme / lyrics that are less attractive. and is specifically seen as a form of music "underground". due to not following the trend that more widespread in terms of aggressiveness and death metal musicians prefer not to be so ignored. This however gave way at once to the place where like South America, and even the Indian east in the form of thrash / black / death metal.

• 1 Historical development of music METAL•
2 Evolution of musico 
2.1 70'ano
2.2 Early 80'an 
2.2.1 Underground Metal: 1980, 1990, and 2000's 
2.2.1.1 Thrash metal and Speed ​​metal
1.2 Death metal
1.3 Black metal
1.4 Power metal.
1.5 Doom Metal and Gothic metalo 2.3
2.3.1 Alternative metalo 
2.4 Grunge•
3 Recent developmentso
3.1 Folk Metalo
3.2 Melodic Death Metalo
3.3 deathcoreo
3.4 New Wave of American Heavy Metalo
3.5 Mathcore

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ROCK MUSIC

Rock music is one genre in the repertoire of popular music world that is usually dominated by vocals, guitar, drums and bass. many also with the addition of instruments such as keyboard, piano and synthesizer. Rock music usually has a strong beat and is dominated by guitars, both electric and acoustic.
The foundation of rock music is rock and roll and rockabilly in the 50s era. in the late 60s a lot of mixing other musical genres with rock music. Folk music mixed into Folk Rock, Blues Music blues mixed into rock and jazz music into Jazz-Fussion Rock. And in the 70s rock evolved into several subgenres such as soft rock, hard rock, heavy metal and punk. In the '80s growing again several subgenres like glam metal, synth rock, thrash metal, hardcore punk, alternative rock. In a new subgenre of 90s era grunge style rock, britpop, indie rock, piano rock and nu metal.

Here are some big flows in rock musicHard RockGenre of rock music that is rooted in the music mid 60a of garage and psychedelic rock and many keterpengaruhan of blues music. Hard rock dominated by electric guitar, bass guitar and drums. The role of the guitarist is usually divided into two: lead guitar and rythm guitar, lead guitar solo guuitar will feature in some parts of the song while the guitar rythm role more as a complement to lead guitar. Bass guitar and drum work to build the structure of hard rock music itself. Some of the leading hard rock bands like: AC / DC, AC / DC, Aerosmith, The Who, Thin Lizzy, Guns N 'Roses, Nazareth, Van Halen and Kiss, while bands like led zeppelin and deep purple is the "crossing borders" between hard rock and heavy metal
Heavy MetalActually, hard rock and heavy metal is not much different in terms of music so much crossing the boundary between the two, heavy metal music just as fast in his music.Music was spearheaded by led zeppelin, deep purple and black sabbath. successors such as Judas Priest, Iron maiden, metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, WASP, etc..Characteristic themes of the lyrics of heavy metal is all about sex, violence, fantasy and mystical.
Punk RockThis flow is more on youth rebellion against the establishment. punk rock more on ideology than musical ability, like if we listen to sex pistols lagu2 very ancur and without harmonization even in his live performances are often replaced bass player behind the screen because the original is usually drunk've definitely very heavy and very inconsequential really-really. The pioneers of this music is the Ramones, Sex Pistols, and The Clash successor lot like a 2000s-era green day but less wild.
Glam MetalOften also referred to as a Hair Metal band because of the tendency of his long hair and dresses are glamorous style and her makeup. in glam metal music not much different except that heavy metal is no difference in the lyrics that are more likely to hedonistic as the problem of sex, drink and drugs. Bands that went into this flow is Motley Crue, deff lepard, quiet riot, dokken, twisted sister, poison, cinderella, warrant, Bon Jovi, etc..
Many more flow in the rock that has not been discussed but will be too long and boring, the point is to know the history and philosophy of music makes us do not directly and immediately proclaimed a song to get into rock music like the song Isabella works search, a Malay song clad guitar distortion. Also do not let the Ledek "face taut (frightening), music lax (-moaned moan)

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JAZZ MUSIC

 Jazz can be very difficult to determine because it stretches from the waltz ragtime to fusion era of the 2000s. Although many efforts have been made to determine from the viewpoint of jazz beyond jazz, such as using the history of European music or African music, jazz critic Joachim Berendt argued that all these efforts are not satisfactory. One way to get around the problem of definition is to define jazz "term" wider. Berendt define jazz as a form of "art music which originated in the United States through the confrontation of blacks with European music", he argues that jazz differs from European music in the jazz that had a "special time, which is defined as 'swing'," " a spontaneity and vitality of musical production in which improvisation plays a role ", and" sonority and expression that mirrors the way the individuality of jazz musicians perform. "Travis Jackson also proposes a broader definition of jazz that is able to cover the entire era of radically different: he claimed it was the music that includes qualities such as 'swinging', improvising, group interaction, developing an "individual voice, and become 'open' to possibility of different music Krin Gabbard claimed that "jazz is a construct" or category that, while artificial, is still useful to designate "a number of musics with enough general to be understood as part of a coherent tradition".While jazz may be difficult to define, improvisation is clearly one key element. Early blues are generally structured around patterns of call-and-response of recurrent, common elements in the African American oral tradition. A form of folk music which rose in part from work songs and field hollers of rural Black, early blues was also highly improvisational. These features are fundamental to the nature of jazz. WhilProxy-Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age = 0 in the elements of European classical music interpretation, ornamentation and accompaniment are sometimes left to the wisdom of that achievement, the main goal is to play a player like that written composition.In jazz, however, expert players will interpret a song with a very individual way, never played the exact same composition in the same way twice. Depending on the mood of the players and personal experience, interactions with fellow musicians, or even members of the audience, a jazz musician / player can change the melody, harmonies or time signature at will. European classical music composer media has said. Jazz, however, is often characterized as egalitarian product creativity, interaction and collaboration, placing equal value on the contributions of composers and actors, 'agile weight [ing] the claims of each composer and improvisation'.

 
In New Orleans and Dixieland jazz, performers took turns playing the melody, while others countermelodies improvisation. With the swing era, big bands come to rely more on arranged music: arrangements whether written or learned by ear and memorized - many early jazz artists can not read music. Individual soloists would improvise within these arrangements. Later, in bebop the focus shifted towards small groups and minimal arrangements; melody (known as the "head") will be stated briefly at the beginning and end parts, but the core of the performance will be a series of improvisations in the middle. Then jazz styles such as jazz capital of leaving strict notion of progress chord, which allows individual musicians to improvise even more freely in the context of a particular scale or mode. avant-garde and free jazz idioms permit, even call, leaving the chords, scales, and rhythmic meters.There has long been debate in the jazz community over the definition and boundaries of "jazz". Although alteration or transformation of jazz by new influences has often been criticized initially as a humiliation "," Andrew Gilbert argues that jazz has the ability "to absorb and transform influences" from diverse musical styles. While some enthusiasts of certain types of jazz argued for narrower definitions which exclude many types of music also known as the "jazz", jazz musicians themselves are often reluctant to define the music they play. Duke Ellington concluded by saying, "It's all music." Some critics even stated that Ellington music was not jazz because it is set and adjust. On the friend the other hand Ellington twenty solo Earl Hines's "transformative versions" composition Ellington (on Earl Hines Plays Duke Ellington recorded in 1970) described by Ben Ratliff, New York Times critic jazz, like "as a good example of the process of jazz assomething out there ".Commercially-oriented or popular music-influenced forms of jazz have both long been criticized, at least since the emergence of Bop. Traditional jazz enthusiasts have dismissed Bop, the 1970s jazz [era fusion and many others] as a period of decline in the commercial value of music. According to Bruce Johnson, jazz music has always had tension "between commercial music and jazz as an art form" Gilbert notes that. As the idea of ​​a canon of jazz is developing, "past performance" can become "... privileged over special creativity ..." and innovation of artists at the Village Voice. jazz critic Gary Giddins argues that as the creation and dissemination of jazz increasingly institutionalized and dominated by big entertainment companies, jazz is facing "a. ..dangerous future of honor and acceptance interested "David Ake. warned that the creation of "norms" in jazz and the establishment of the jazz tradition "may exclude or sideline other newer, avant-garde forms of jazz. Controversies also arise over new forms of contemporary jazz is made outside the United States and depart significantly from the American style in one view they are an important part of the current development of jazz that;. in others they are sometimes criticized as a rejection of the jazz tradition is important.Originally the word "Jazz"The origins of the word jazz is one of the most sought-after word origins in modern American English. The word's intrinsic interest - the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century - has resulted in substantial research, and its history is well documented. As explained in more detail below, jazz began as a West Coast slang term around 1912, meaning that varies but does not refer to music or sex. Jazz came to mean jazz in Chicago around 1915. Jazz played in New Orleans before that time, but not called jazz.Jazz word makes one of the earliest appearance in San Francisco baseball writing in 1913. "Jazz was introduced to San Francisco in 1913 by William (Spike) Slattery, Call sports editor, and distributed by the leader of a band called Art Hickman, was achieved.Chicago in 1915 but not heard in New York until a year later. "One of the first known use of the word jazz came on March 3, 1913, article in the San Francisco Bulletin baseball by ET" Scoop "Gleeson. 

Famous jazz musicians• Louis Armstrong, (1901-1971)• Duke Ellington, (1899-1974)• Charlie Parker, (1920-1955)• Dizzy Gillespie, (1917-1993)• Miles Davis, (1926-1991)• John Coltrane (1926-1967)• Chick Korea• Ornette Coleman, (born 1930)• Chris Botti• Dave Koz• Bob James• Lee RitenourIndonesia• Ireng Maulana• Buby Chen• Jack Lesmana• Bill Saragih• Benny Likumahua• Bing Slamet• Ireng Maulana• Maulana Kibout• Dwiki Dharmawan• Indra Lesmana• Elfa Secioria• Iskandarsyah Siregar• Luluk Purwanto• Johnny W.H.• Balawan• Syaharani• Didi Tjia• Barry Likumahua• Band Ecoutez!• Junior Theodore• Alison Daniel• Rudy Kusuma

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PUNK MUSIC

History of Punk Music, Punk is a sub-culture that was born in London, England. At first, the punk group always confused by skinhead groups. However, since the 1980s, when rampant in American punk, punk and skinhead groups as if united, because they have the same spirit. However, Punk also can mean a type of music or genre that was born in the early 1970s. Punk can also mean the ideology of life that includes social and political aspects.PunkPunk rock is rock music movement that developed around the year 1974-1975 in negaraAmerika States, Australia and England. Spearheaded by groups like the Ramones, Sex Pistols, The Damned, and The Clash.Punk groups often mimic simple musical structures such as garage rock music from the 1960's. Usually they consist of one drum kit, one or two electric guitars, one electric bass, and vocals. Drums are usually only have one snare drum, one tom, one floor tom, one bass drum, hi-hats, one or two crashes cymbaldan one ride cymbal.In the early 1990s, punk rock music was introduced again by Nirvana, although in the end, the majority of the media called Nirvana with the term grunge or alternative rock.AlbumNevermind success of Nirvana, is recognized as a "forerunner" to the punk rock music to be recognized by the world at large, to this day.In 2007, companies from the UK punk rock shoes, Doc Martens, create an ad campaign using photographs that have been credited with introducing the iconic punk rock music, namely Joey Ramone (Ramones), Sid Vicious (Sex Pistols), Joe Strummer (The Clash), and Kurt Cobain (Nirvana).
Youth movement started by the children of this working class Americans who immediately extended financial and economic problems triggered by the deterioration of morals by political leaders who lead levels of unemployment and high crime. Punk tried to satirize the ruling in its own way, through the songs with music and lyrics are simple but sometimes rough, fast beats and stomping. Music HistoryMany misinterpret punk as glue sniffers and vandals because the UK had an outbreak of using strong-smelling glue to replace the beer that was bought by them. Many who damage the image of punk as many of them roaming the streets and perform a variety of crimes.Punk fashion is more famous than the subject matter and the behavior they display, such as the Mohawk-style haircut indian tribe, or a la feathercut cut and colored with colors bright, boots, chains and spikes, leather jackets, tight jeans and shabby clothes, anti-establishment, anti-social, the rioters and criminals from the lower classes, dangerous drunk so many who think that people who look like that it deserves to be called as a punker.Punk was also a youth resistance movement based on the belief We Can do it ourselves. Assessment of punk in seeing a problem can be seen through the lyrics of the song that tells about political issues, environmental, economic, ideological, social and even religious matters.Lifestyle and ideology. Music HistoryPsychologist brilliant Russian, Pavel Semenov, concluded that satisfy human hunger for knowledge in two ways. First, do research on the environment and regulate the research results in a rational (science). Second, reset the immediate environment with the aim of making something new (art).With the above definition, punk can be categorized as part of the art world. Lifestyle and mindset of its predecessor punk predecessors like avant-garde art movement, the makeup nyleneh, blurring the line between idealism and reality of living art, provoking the audience openly, using the viewer (performers) low quality and reorganize (ormendisorganisasi) establishment lifestyle drastically. The early adherents of the two streams are also believes one thing, that hebohnya appearance (Appearances) must be accompanied by hebohnya thoughts (ideas).

Punk then developed a disappointment fruit rock musicians of the lower classes against the music industry was dominated by established rock musicians, such as The Beatles, Rolling Stone, and Elvis Presley. Musicians do not play punk rock tones of high technical or heart-wrenching love song. Conversely, more punk songs like shouting demonstrators protest against the cruel world. Punk lyrics of the songs tell the frustration, anger, and saturation compromise with street legal, low education, menial work, unemployment and repression apparatus, and the figure of the ruling government against the people.As a result labeled as punk rock n 'roll the left, so often do not get a chance to appear on television. Record companies were reluctant to orbit them.Lifestyle is relatively no one has a lifestyle similar to the other. Ideology is taken from the word "ideas" and "logos" which means pure thoughts in life. Lifestyle and ideology developed in accordance with the place, time and situation so punk Kalisari at this time began to develop the project "jor-rod" that take advantage of the media before the media take advantage of us. In other words punk trying to free something that shackles of his day respectively.Punk and AnarchismReaganomic failure and defeat of the United States in the Vietnam War in the 1980s helped heat up the temperature of the punk world at that time. Punk bands second wave (1980-1984), such as Crass, Conflict, and Discharge of England, The Ex and the Dutch BGK, MDC and the Dead Kennedys from the United States has transformed the rebellious spirit of punk into pemendam (Rebellious thinkers) rather than just a cult rock n 'roll. The ideology of anarchism ever carried by the band's first-wave punk band (1972-1978), among others, the Sex Pistols and the Clash, is seen as the only option for those who have lost confidence in the authority of the state, society, and the music industry.In Indonesia, the term anarchy, anarchist or anarchism is used by the mass media to declare an act of vandalism, fights or mass violence. Yet according to its founders, namely William Godwin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Mikhail Bakunin, anarchism is an ideology that requires the formation of societies without states, with the assumption that the state is a legal form of dictatorship that should be ended.The State shall set the application of laws and regulations often are coercive, limiting citizens to vote and be responsible for his own choice. Anarchists believe if the state domination over the people eliminated, the right to exploit the natural wealth and human resources will grow by itself. People unable to meet the needs of her own life without state interference.

The punk defines anarchism is not only limited to mere political understanding. In daily life, anarchism means no rule of restraint, both from the public and record companies, because they can create their own rules of living and record companies as they chose.Punk ethics of this kind commonly known as DIY (do-it-yourself / do it yourself).The involvement of the punks in the ideology of anarchism is finally giving a new color in the ideology of anarchism itself, because punk has to separate in-Khasan movement.That carried the punk movement of anarchism as an ideology commonly known as anarcho-punk movement.

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REGGAE MUSIC

In 1968 many years known as the birth of reggae music. Actually there is no specific incident that became a marker early origins, except for transitional society musical tastes and Rocsteady Jamaica from Ska, which was popular among the young in the first half until the late 1960's, the new music rhythm slower tempo. It may be frenetic and fast tempo Ska and Rocksteady less hit by the social and economic conditions in Jamaica that is full of pressure.
The word "reggae" probably derived from the pronunciation in the African accent of the word "Ragged" (clumsy motion-like pounding the body in people who danced to the accompaniment of music ska or reggae). The rhythm of reggae music itself element influenced R & B music that was born in New Orleans, Soul, Rock, rhythmic Afro-Caribean (Calypso, Merengue, Rhumba) and Jamaican folk music Mento called, which is rich with African rhythms. The rhythm of music that many considered to be a precursor to reggae are the Ska and Rocksteady, a musical interpretation of R & B that developed in Jamaica is loaded with the influence of Afro-American music. Technically and musically done much exploration Ska musicians, among them how to shake the guitar upside down (up-strokes), putting pressure weak tone on tone (syncopated) and multi-rhythmic drum beats are complex.
Engineering and Rocsteady Ska musicians in playing a musical instrument, much imitated by reggae musician. But his music is much slower tempo with a thud of bass and rhythm guitar is more prominent. Vocal character is usually heavy with songs like pepujian pattern (chant), which also influenced tetabuhan rhythm, singing and mystical ways of Rastafari. A slower tempo music, in time to support the delivery of messages through the lyrics of songs related to the Rastafari religious traditions and socio-political issues humanistic and universal.
The album "Catch A Fire" (1972) who launched Bob Marley and The Wailers with a quick toss to the outside of Jamaican reggae. The popularity of reggae in the United States supported also by the film The Harder They Come (1973) and reggae rhythms played by white musicians like Eric Clapton, Paul Simon, Lee 'Scratch' Perry and UB40.Reggae rhythm was later affecting streams music in the decade after that, call it a variant of reggae hip hop, reggae rock, blues, and so forth.
Musical roots reggae is closely related to soil birth: Jamaica. When discovered by Columbus in the 15th century, Jamaica is an island inhabited by Arawak Indians. The name itself comes from the Jamaican Arawak vocabulary "xaymaca" which means "island of forests and water". Spanish and British colonialism in the 16th century destroyed Arawak tribe, who later replaced by thousands of black bondsman from mainland Africa. The slaves were employed in the sugar industry and plantations are scattered there. Dark history of oppression among humans began and lasted until more than two centuries. New in 1838 removed the practice of slavery, which is followed by melesunya world sugar trade.
In the midst of heavy work and the threat of oppression, the African slaves to maintain attachment to their homeland with the maintain the tradition. They recounts life in Africa with the singing (chant) and sounds (drumming) is simple. Interaction with the employers who came from Europe also membekaskan cross-cultural product that eventually became the authentic folk traditions of Jamaica. When the black community in America or Europe with their African identity faded quickly, otherwise the black communities of Jamaica still feel the closeness with ancestral lands.
History of identity awareness movement of blacks, who then bertemali closely with the presence of reggae music, start sowing at the beginning of the 20th century. Marcus Mosiah Garvey is, a priest and Jamaican black activist, who threw the idea of ​​"Africa for the African Nations ..." and called for the movement of repatriation (repatriation) black community outside of Africa. In 1914, Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), socio-religious movement which was considered as a new identity consciousness movement for blacks.
In 1916-1922, Garvey left Jamaica to build the UNIA headquarters in Harlem, New York.It is said that until the year 1922, the UNIA had more than 7 million people are followers.Between the years 1928-1930 Garvey returned to Jamaica, and engage in political struggle of the black and in 1929 predicted the coming of a king Garvey Africa marking the liberation of blacks from the oppression of Babylon (the term for the white colonial government, referring to the scriptural story about Babylon that oppresses the people of Israel). When Ras Tafari Makonnen was crowned king of Ethiopia in 1930, who holds HIM Haile Selassie I, the followers of the teachings of Garvey regarded as a figure of Ras Tafari's liberator. They also consider Ethiopia as a peaceful land of Zion-like paradise-for blacks inside and outside Africa. Subjects Garvey was morphing into the new religion called Rastafari with Haile Selassie as a god-figure in her.
In April 1966, because of the threat of social conflict involving the Rasta, Jamaica's government to invite HIM Haile Selassie I to visit encounter received by Rastafari. He delivered the message to provide land in southern Ethiopia for repatriation Rasta. But Haile Selassie Rasta also stressed the need to free Jamaica from oppression and injustice and make Rastafari as a way of life, before their exodus to Ethiopia.
The years that followed the credo of the movement continued to spread widely, the "reunification of humanity" is the message, the music was the modus operandi, peace on earth as in heaven (Zion) is the goal, fight for rights is the way and eliminate all forms of physical and mental oppression is essence of struggle. "When Bob Marley became a follower of Rastafari in 1967 and a year later followed the birth of reggae, the modus operandi of spreading the teachings of Rastafari was found: reggae!
Bob Marley, The Rasta Prophet
Born Robert Nesta Marley in February 1945 in St. Ann, Jamaica, Bob Marley fathered by a white and black mothers. In the 1950s Bob and his family moved to the capital city of Jamaica, Kingston. In the city where his obsession with music as a profession to find an outlet. It was Bob Marley a lot of listening to music R & B and soul, which later became the inspiration of reggae rhythms, through American radio broadcasts. Also on the streets of Kingston he was enjoying the beat of ska rhythms and Steadybeat and then trying to play himself in a small music studios in Kingston.
Together with Peter McIntosh and Bunny Livingston, Bob formed the Wailing Wailers who issued their debut album in 1963 with the hit "Simmer Down". Lyrics of their songs tells a lot about "rude bwai" (rude boy), young children who search for identity with a street gang in Kingston. The Wailing Wailers broke up in the mid-1960s and had time to make charcoal fracture initiators until decided to travel in America. In April 1966 Bob returned to Jamaica, to coincide with the visit of HIM Haile Selassie I, king of Ethiopia, to Jamaica to meet followers of Rastafari. Charisma of the king to bring Bob to be received by the teachings of Rastafari in 1967, and with The Wailer, his new band which was formed a year later with her two older personnel Mc Intosh and Livingston, he voiced moral values ​​Rasta through reggae. Rastafari adherents then consider Bob prophetic role as the prophet, spreading the inspiration and values ​​through the songs Rasta.
The Wailers broke up in 1971, but Bob quickly formed a new band called Bob Marley and The Wailers. Year 1972 album Catch A Fire was released. Following the Burning (1973-contains the hits "Get Up, Stand Up" and "I Shot the Sheriff" that was popularized Eric Clapton), Natty Dread (1975), Rastaman Vibration (1976) and Uprising (1981) which increasingly establish reggae as a musical mainstream with Bob Marley as its icon.
In 1978, Bob Marley received the UN Peace Medal in recognition of his efforts to promote peace through his songs. Unfortunately, cancer ended his life on May 11, 1981 at the age of 36 years in a hospital bed Miami, United States, after an international concert in Germany. The Prophet of the Rasta has passed away, but still floated humanistiknya inspiration throughout the ages.
One Love! One Heart!
Lets get together and feel all right.
Hear the children Cryin (One Love!);
Hear the children Cryin (One Heart!)
(One Love / People Get Ready)
Dreadlock (dreadlocks)
In addition to Bob Marley and Jamaica, dreadlocks or commonly known as "dreadlocks" to points of interest in the phenomenon of reggae. Currently dreadlock always identified with reggae music, so that the misguided people think that the musicians who gave birth to reggae style cross-convolution hair (locks) it. Yet long before the style, has dreads down a long history.
That said, dreads has been known since 2500 BC. The figure of Tutankhamen, one of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, depicted maintain dreads. Similarly, Lord Shiva in Hinduism. Culturally, since hundreds of years ago, many native tribes in Africa, Australia and New Guinea, known as gimbalnya hair. In the area of ​​Dieng, Wonosobo until now remained customary maintain dreads the toddler as an expression of traditional spirituality.
Letting the hair grow lengthwise without treatment, so that eventually each other to form dreadlocks twisted, indeed has become part practice spirituality movements in Western and Eastern cultures. The Nazarit in the West, and the followers of Yogi, Gyani and Tapasvi of all sects in India, have dreads that are intended as a denial on the physical appearance of mortals, be part of the spiritual path they are following. In addition there is the belief that dreads help increase endurance, mental strength, spiritual and supernatural. Confidence belief that the dramatic rise of mental energy and spiritual man out through the crown and hair, so when the hair is locked winding then that energy will be captured in the body.
As the start of the industrial in the 19th century, starting dreads hard to be found in the West. Until in 1914 when Marcus Garvey introduced the religious movement and awareness of black identity through the UNIA, aspects of spirituality in the Hindu dreads and the African tribal adopted by the followers of this movement. They call themselves as the "Dread" to declare that they have a sense of trepidation and respect (Dread) to God. Dreads the Dread iniah who coined the term dreadlocks, the hairstyle of Dread.As a religious Rastafarianisme dikukuhi this group in the 1930's, dreadlocks are also transformed into a symbol of social Rasta (follower of the teachings of Rastafari).
Symbolization is condensed noticeable when the 1930s Jamaica had social and political turmoil. Rasta group were dissatisfied with social conditions and the existing government, then formed their own communities who live in tents set up among the shrubs. They have the values ​​and distinctive religious practices, including maintaining dreads. Dreadlocks they also practiced as a differentiator from the "baldhead" (a term for white people with blond hair), which they classify as the Babylon-term for the ruling oppressors. Mid-1960s the camp was closed and their Rasta group moved to the Kingston area, such as in the city of Trench Town and Greenwich, the place where reggae music was born in 1968.
When the reggae music into the mainstream music world in the late 1970s, no doubt the figure of Bob Marley and hair gimbalnya become the new icon revered. Dreadlock with soon become a new trend in hair styling and tend to be separated from spiritual values.Especially when in the 1990s, coloring dreadlocks the appearance of the rock musicians and be part of the fashion world. Dreadlock which usually takes about five years to form, since that time can be made by hair salons in just five hours! Assorted dreadlock style was offered, including hair different colors and "Dread perms" aka permanent dreadlock style.
Although likely more synonymous with fashion, dreadlock fundamentally remains a form according to the spirit of anti-violence, anti-establishment and solidarity for oppressed minorities.

 

Reggae is one type of music that is not foreign, although the community of reggae music lovers in Indonesia be regarded not so much.Unfortunately, although the voice of peace, many people see negative impact on reggae music fan community. They identified with the free life and consumption of cannabis leaf.This reggae rhythms, sounds exciting. Dynamic rhythm, makes the listener drifting. They come appreciate the lyrics in a rhythmic reggae song this.At first glance, the appearance of this reggae music fans seemed to indicate that the stupid lifestyle. T-shirts, faded jeans, and dreads, add a shabby appearance.Coupled with the existence of negative stereotypes appear during this time. Reggae music seemed synonymous with marijuana, marijuana, and free sex. This was reinforced by the reality in which cleaners often found the remains of a burned joint, after performing reggae music.Problem use of cannabis to enjoy reggae music was not accepted by all lovers of reggae music. According to them, reggae is the music really bring the message of peace.So nothing to do with the use of marijuana which is illegal objects to be consumed bebas.Musik reggae increasingly popular all over the world in the era of the 1980s, including in Indonesia. The roots of this music is ska music, the tempo is faster than reggae.And Bob Marley's death in 1981, have even more to make music is becoming increasingly dynamic digemari.Bisa so, music fans who smoked marijuana at the sound of reggae songs, actually carried away by a effort to mimic the behavior of the negative behavior of his idol.In practice, smoked marijuana can bring out a certain fantasy for its users. And this is believed by some people can make them better enjoy the music being played.For some people, reggae actually can provide a positive influence. Besides reggae song contains a message of peace, also gave a boost to make life better.Messages in the struggle that brought reggae music, inspired from the social conditions in Africa, especially in Jamaica, which are colonies of European countries.Therefore, no wonder the people who fared similar to those of Jamaica, eventually also like reggae.

 
However, not all reggae fans understand the meaning behind the surge of this music.Some still view it simply as mere entertainment, which connote a relaxed atmosphere, or vacations.The term arises because Rastaman reggae music was originally carried by the adherents of Rastafari. The problem is, many are misrepresenting the identity of Rastafari. In fact, the adherents of Rastafari is not identical with any alcohol or marijuana. In fact, they do not eat meat vegetarian alias.Indeed, Rastafari is a movement which was originally popular in the Caribbean. This movement rejected African nation is in the suppression of skin putih.Ras Mohammad (Indonesian reggae musicians) who underwent Rastafari philosophy since the last ten years admitted, in Indonesia there is bias in view of Rastafari.Indeed, the so-called adherents of Rastafari Rastaman, or Rastafarians do not consume alcohol, drugs, marijuana, and some of them are vegetarian. Differences way of looking at this movement is more due to lack of sources of information that is really aware of the Rastafari.So precisely that arise and are followed by some negative behavior saja.Salah a Jamaican musician, Bob Marley, who also embraced the Rastafarian, who significantly contributed in popularizing reggae to the international world.Song-song that is played by Bob Marley movement manifests his struggle against the apartheid regime in Africa.Songs in reggae music that contains a message of peace, and the struggle towards life as well as the criticisms against a background of social situation in Africa, more specifically in Jamaica, which often experience of political strife.The songs are rooted in Jamaican music, like reggae or ska, which is loaded with anti-slavery spirit, the desire to live independently, and have a clear purpose in life, is the part that is not much different from the philosophy of Rastafari.However, such a positive part is often missing from the view of many reggae fans. Most of it washed up more lifestyle of the legend, Bob Marley.Among the musicians who deals in the flow of reggae music lovers deplore the reggae do not understand the real meaning, the music on this one. They hope, reggae lovers appreciate the deepest meaning of music on this one for this flow is not utilized to recruit young people into a negative direction.Today many who call themselves fans of reggae Rastaman, but a casual lifestyle, which contradicts the view of adherents of Rastafari. In fact, although derived from the same region, reggae and Rastafari are two different things.Once the thick feel of the philosophy of Rastafarians in the hundreds of songs that were created and brought reggae musicians, reggae and Rastafarians make the image difficult to separate.

 The lack of information about the essence of reggae and Rastafarian create understanding among both the overlap. In fact, there are people who use the word Rasta as a pronoun for marijuana, or cannabis.So some people are afraid to be called as a Rastaman, because of negative connotations. In the case of the use of marijuana, Tony Q (reggae musician Indonesia), which has dozens of years of wrestling in reggae music, both on domestic and foreign, have special experience in the use of marijuana as a prohibited object.If observed, reggae musicians do have a strong sympathy in the Rastafarians.Therefore, they mind if synonymous with reggae connoted a negative life. Although as entertainment, real reggae music contains positive messages.In essence, after a long journey, reggae and Rastafarians have practically the same direction. Bringing a message of love and peace, not just a dreadlocked or look messy.Did not know it was love. That's the heart cry of a true reggae lover. Freedom they want, not freedom without limit through the influence of cannabis leaf.

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